2019

Background: Viral hepatitis affects over 400 million people globally with 6 to 10 million people newly infected each year. Viral hepatitis infectious agents such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are among the greatest threats to abnormalities and cause of liver cancer. One of the most important transmissibility of these viruses is vertical from mothers to children. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of HBV and HCV infection as well as its associated risk factors among mothers in Jimma town.

Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 455 mothers from June to December, 2016. Simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. From each mother, about 5ml of blood sample was collected and tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc and HCVAg/Ab by using ELISA.Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to see whether there is statistically significant association between dependent and independent variables. P- Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result:HBsAg, anti-HBc andHCVAg/Abprevalence was 5.7%, 30.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of hospital admission (AOR = 3.098; P <0.040) and abortion (AOR = 15.514, P <0.001) remained independent predictors of HBsAgsero-positivity.

Background

Infection by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) among mothers have high rate of vertical transmission and horizontal transmission and also have adverse effect on both the mother and the child. Understanding the epidemiology of these viruses could be valuable to take appropriate preventive measures.

Objective

To determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infection among mothers living in Harar town, Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted among 461 mothers living in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia from March 1 – May 30, 2017. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by face to face interview using pre tested structured questioners. Five millilitre of venous blood was collected with plain tubefrom each study subject and serum was tested for hepatitis using a sandwich third generation Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for HBsAg and anti HCV by using Bio-Rad ELISA kits. Data was analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0.

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a worldwide health problem and highly endemic in developing countries including Ethiopia. Hepatitis B vaccine is included in the routine Expanded Program on Immunization since 2007 in Ethiopia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the sero-protection level of hepatitis B vaccination among children who have received thevaccine.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children attending Kindergarten and first cycle elementary school inGondar town.  A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data. Blood sample was collected and serum separated for anti-HBs,anti-HBc and HBsAg. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20. Binary logistic regression analysis was done. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result:Out of 431 children screened, 27 were excluded from analysis because they were positive for anti-HBc(27/431, 6.3%) and/or for HBsAg (18/431 or 4.2%). Out of 404 children, 130 (32.2%) had anti-HBs titers >10 mIU/ml (seroprotected) while 274 (68.8%) had anti-HBs titers <10 mIU/ml (non-protected). 

Background:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of viral hepatitis and about 240 million people worldwide are chronic carriers. The virus isreported to be widely prevalent in Ethiopia and routine vaccination of children has been initiated in the country recently. We assessed the sero-prevalence of HBVinfection and sero-protection of HBVvaccine among children in Jimma town

Methods:A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 900 children with 5-9 years-old betweenJune and December 2016. A simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants by proportional allocation into different Kebeles of Jimma town. Data were collected using pretested questionnaire and about 3-5ml of blood sample was collected and tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs using ELISA (Bio-rad, Monolisa, Lacquote, France).Data were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression test.

Result:HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence among all participants was3.5% and 3.8%, respectively. The prevalence of HBsAg among vaccinated and non-vaccinated was 2.1% and 7.0% whereas anti-HBc positivity was 1.1% and 6.2%, respectively. It was also found that 58.4% of vaccinated children retained a protective level of HB surface antibodies, ? 10 mIU/ml with the overall mean of 50 mIU/ml.

Background:Hepatitis B virus infection is a major world health problem which is known to be the main cause of liver failure, cirrhosis, and hepato cellular carcinoma. Production of anti-HBs which is stimulated by HBV vaccine causes protection of antibody against clinical infection. However, not all vaccinatedindividuals develop protective level of antibody against HBsAg. Therefore testing for presence of sufficient level of anti-HBs against HBV vaccine is important.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess serum level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen among vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. .

Method: Community based Comparative cross sectional study design was conducted among 284 HBV vaccinated and 256 unvaccinated children. Whole blood sample (3-5ml) was collected from the study participants who were selected by simple random sampling from the list of 5-8 year old children in selected kebeles. Serum was separated and was used for determination of antibody level against HBsAg or vaccine by using ELISA. Pre-tested, structured questionnaire was used for gathering information about socio demographic characteristics of the study participants and factors associated with level of antibody. Data entry and statistical analysis were done using SPSS statistical software version 21. Logistic regressions with 95% CI were used to identify independent predictors of anti-HBs. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as level of significance.

Background:Around two billion people have been infected with HBV worldwide, and more than 240 million are chronic carriers. Vaccine introduction for HBV in children was officially launched by WHO in 1980. Since then the vaccine response level has been determined in different countries. However, there is limited study conducted in Ethiopia to assess the response level and effectiveness of HBV vaccine against the virus since the introduction of the vaccine in 2007.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine antibody levels against HBV after hepatitis B vaccination and assess sero-prevalence of HBV in children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using a multistage probability sampling technique. Four hundred and fifty children between the ages of 5 and 8 years living in one of three sub cities of Addis Ababa were enrolled. Three to four ml of blood was collected from each participant and socio demographic and associated factors were obtained through a structured questionnaire.  ELISA was done to determine antibody levels against HBV.